The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has proposed adjustments to fiscal year 2010 payment rates to better reflect the cost of caring for Medicare beneficiaries in nursing homes.
The rule calls for payments to Medicare skilled nursing facilities to be reduced by $390 million, or 1.2 percent lower than payments for FY 2009. CMS officials said this adjustment is an effort to rebalance an earlier adjustment to the case-mix indexes, or CMIs.
The proposed FY 2010 recalibration of the CMIs would result in a reduction in payments to nursing homes of $1.050 billion, or 3.3 percent. CMS officials say the decrease would be largely offset by this fiscal year's proposed update to Medicare payments to skilled nursing facilities.
The update – a proposed increase of 2.1 percent or $660 million for FY 2010 – is based on the change in prices of a "market basket" of goods and services included in covered skilled nursing facility stays. The percentage increase in the market basket is used to compute the update factor annually. The combination of the market basket increase and the recalibration of the CMIs yields the 1.2 percent reduction.
Medicare pays skilled nursing facilities on a prospective payment system known as the Skilled Nursing Facility Prospective Payment System. The SNF PPS uses a resource classification system known as Resource Utilization Groups, version 3, or RUG-III, to assign a RUG payment group that is used to determine a daily payment rate.
The RUG-III group reflects a patient's severity of illness and the kind of services that a person requires – known as "case mix."
For FY 2006, CMS made RUG refinements to account for the resources used in the care of medically complex patients. The refinement package adjusted the CMIs that were calculated based on forecasted use under the refined case-mix system. Skilled nursing facilities have been paid based on these refinements since Jan. 1, 2006.
CMS intended the CMI adjustment that accompanied the expansion of the RUG model to ensure that there would be no change in overall spending levels. Instead, it resulted in a significant increase in Medicare expenditures, as actual use under the refined case-mix system differed significantly from the projections on which the adjustment was based.
CMS found that patients were being classified into one of the newly created higher paying RUG groups more than 30 percent of the time (as compared to 19 percent projected by CMS), thus triggering Medicare payments far in excess of the original projections.
CMS officals now want to recalibrate the case-mix weights in order to restore overall payments to their intended levels on a prospective basis. Payments beginning in 2010 would, officials say, reflect the intent of the refinements, and payments to providers would more accurately reflect the service needs of Medicare beneficiaries.